International Standard Serial Numbers (ISSN) - 3049-026X (Online)

Journal of Physics Research and Education is a yearly scientific journal being published by the Department of Physics, University of North Bengal, which aims to emphasize contribution in the emerging areas of research and education in Physics. It provides a really exciting opportunity to consider the truly interdisciplinary nature of research in Physics at a time of great change across the wider landscape of Physics research. The objective of the journal is to publish up-to-date, high-quality and original research papers alongside relevant and insightful reviews. The journal is also dedicated to maintaining and improving the standard of taught Physics in Universities and the submitted articles will be peer-reviewed. The journal aspires to be vibrant, engaging and accessible, and at the same time it should address the frontier, integrative and challenging issues in Physics. All articles must therefore contain contents that are physics research in interdisciplinary nature and applicable to the teaching of Physics at University level. Needless to say, any papers that you wish to submit, either individually or collaboratively, are much appreciated and will make a substantial contribution towards the advancement and success of the journal. Best wishes and thank you in advance for your contribution to the Journal of Physics Research and Education.

We are pleased to present the third volume of the Journal of the Department of Physics, University of North Bengal, under the title Journal of Physics Research and Education (JPRE). The journal will be available online at https://jpre.nbu.ac.in and in print in March 2026. We have endeavored to preserve the goal of JPRE as set in its previous editions – namely, to create a unifying impact that encompasses the diverse fields of physics research and education – intact in this current volume.

The current volume includes twelve articles, including a couple of short review papers, contributed by Ph.D. scholars, young researchers and senior scientists from various institutions across India. I express my sincere thanks and gratitude to all the eminent contributors for their scholarly articles in the current volume of JPRE. I also thank the editorial team for their constant support and assistance.

Provash Mali
Editor-in-Chief